Fourthly, the particle 'で' is used to express reason.The structure of the phrase will be in this form:[reason] で= because of [reason][reason] has to be a noun.For example:I have a headache because of a cold. = kaze de atama ga itai desu. = 風で頭が痛いです。(kaze=cold/flu, atama=head, itai=painful) I did not do gardening because of the rain. = ame de niwa o soji shimasendeshita. = 雨で庭を掃除しませんでした。(ame=